Essay on "American Politics in the U.S"

Essay 4 pages (1194 words) Sources: 2

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Other characteristic of institution that shapes the politic power groups of U.S. society is the way the institution is changing. The institutional change is sticky as well as, episodic rather than being continuous. Once the institution is established, it becomes so difficult to change it again even if the social forces continuous to evolve. This is because, it rely upon arguments to account for persistence of the institutional characteristics. One is simply that, the institution shapes the group by creating privileges positions mainly for individuals who work hard to perpetuate the institution even if the interests changed (Prothero, 2006).

The demographic and institution also shape the political power of groups in U.S. society through the economic growth. The economic growths in U.S. shape the incentives of the key economic actors in the society. Institution influences the investments organization of production therefore influencing the size of groups and individuals shaping their political powers.

How Madisonian Democracy as enshrined in American Constitution ensure compromise and moderation

It is evident that, the pluralism created by the Madisonian democracy enshrined in the U.S. Constitution ensures compromise and moderation. This is because, the Madisonian democracy has endangered a deep factionalism between the ethnic groups; however, it faces deeper threats of a majority faction. The threat mainly focused on the attention of European-American politics identity. And that is why Madisonian came up with a model which would be used by the government to focus on the limitation of powers, since power allured many politicians towards abuse. James Madison opposed those behaviors by avoiding tyranny by the trust alone, making pluralism to become the descriptive and standard of politics as a theory of the liberal democracy (Kenney, 2002).

Madisonian democracy has also ensured peaceful handover of power, something that never used to be in the olden days when there was vicious display of voter wrath. The Madisonian democracy has injected accountability in governance. It has institutionalized systems of checks and balances. The present day principle of separation of powers heavily borrows from the Madisonian democracy. Madison felt that this principle would help in protecting the rights of others because human beings tend to fall into factions adverse to the rights of others. Madisonian democracy ensured compromise and moderation because the checks and balances were integral in primary control of government save for electoral accountability (Shane, 2009).

Madisonian democracy also realized the structure of the constitution which was more than factions in the U.S. society at large. The democracy ensured that, all the groups and individuals to be put for structures to ensure that, the self-interested agents would remain so loyal in their constituents. According to Madison, the only way of ensuring loyalty was through frequent election, where people remove faithless representatives. Madison came up with the principle of elections to be done in unison for a specific reason rather than doing it in a frequent manner. Madison therefore ensured that there is a specific date of election which was imposed for the political groups in the United States to make sure that all incumbents are removed at once. In summary Madison wanted to make primary check on the government to be the frequent elections with possibility of important turnover (Kenney, 2002).

References

Kenney, H. (2002). The calculus of consent and Madisonian democracy. London: Free Market

Foundation.

Prothero, S.R. (2006). A nation of religions: the politics of pluralism in multireligious America.

London: University of North Carolina Press.

Shane, P.M. (2009). Madison's nightmare: how executive power threatens American democracy.

New York: University of Chicago Press. READ MORE

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