Literature Review on "Alcohol Consumption and Symptoms"

Literature Review 8 pages (3907 words) Sources: 5 Style: APA

[EXCERPT] . . . .

An estimated 23 million Americans suffer from alcoholism. . . . Yet only one in 10 of these persons?2.4 million-get treatment" (p. 2). Defining addiction and alcohol abuse or dependence is another area to consider in helping one to understand depression and anxiety. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2002) includes a definition of alcohol abuse and depression. This handbook is used by mental health professionals when diagnosing individuals with various types of mental illnesses, including substance use disorders. Within in the manual, it states that substance-related disorders are classified into 11 classes relating them to the side effect of a medication and to the abuse of alcohol. The 11 classes are anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives, arylcyclohexylamines or similarly acting phencyclidine, opioids, nicotine, inhalants, hallucinogens, cocaine, cannabis, caffeine, sympathomimetics or similarly acting amphetamine, and alcohol. The significance related to the studies on disease of addiction is that it is pervasive and widespread and many need treatment (Clay, 2010; Elkashef & Condon, 2008; Fiellan, 2006; Reif et al., 2011; Roy & Miller, 2010). The needs for treatment include children, adults, and the elderly transcend geographic location, socioeconomic status, or any other demography. Although treatment is readily available, not everyone is availing it, and it remains under-diagnosed and underused as an intervention in primary care settings. (Clay, 2010; Elkashef & Condon, 2008; Fiellan, 2006; Reif et al., 2011; Roy & Miller, 2010; Alemi 2010).

Evaluation of the Literature

Addiction to alcohol is treatable and people can recover (Tang, 2009; Jeon, 2011). The voluminous amount of literature and research dealt with the reality of treatment effectiveness (Mane, 2011; James, 2013). Elkashef and Condon (2008) reported that individuals' understanding of the best prevention and treatment for drug addiction and abuse has been achieved through advancements lead by the impact of drug disorders on the body and the brain (Elkashef, 2008).

A patient's history of illness is an important part of that individual's diagnosis, and an understanding of a potential risk factor present in a patient record could help to start a conversation with the patient about the alcohol abuse treatment process, and help in how treatment providers will indicate various treatment options (Fiellan, 2006). As an example, a child who comes into a medical clinic and sees a pediatrician with frequent bruises may alert the physician to notify child social welfare agencies out of concern for the patient's safety. A history of minor heart attacks might suggest to a physician that the patient has a serious cardiac issue. Many physicians fail to collect enough information or do not have the adequate information to ensure folks with alcohol abuse issues are treated or referred for treatment (Thomas & Conway, 2010). Some drug addicted people hide their addiction problems from health care providers, and many physicians fail to ask their patients about substance use and abuse (Clay, 2010).

Analysis of the Findings

A suggestion of the literature review and research questions was that alcohol abuse is a growing trend and treatment does yield positive outcomes (Clay, 2010; Elkashef & Condon, 2008; Fiellan, 2006; Reif et al., 2011; Roy & Miller, 2010; Alemi 2010). While there is a broad range of evidence-based practices associated with treatment approaches, the problem of underuse of treatment resources remains constant (Thomas & Conway, 2010). This literature review will contribute to the study in continued to exploration of the needs for additional research into how physicians communicate with their patients about alcohol abuse during the assessment phase of intervention, and seek to identify if physicians require additional tools to make the necessary referrals for their patients to addiction treatment programs. The purpose of the study and the research questions are in complete collaboration with the topic. This literature review has been formulated to support the purpose of the study and provide a background of the previous potential research. The correlation between depressive symptoms and alcohol abuse has been studied primarily in all the researches included in this literature review.

Conclusion

This literature review investigates documents and summarizes the quantity and quality of literature review performed in the recent years. The topic of discussion is the correlation of different aspects of alcoholism and the onset and prevalence of anxieties and depressive symptoms. The most important finding in this literature review is that both the adverse effects and alcohol abuse are directly proportional to each other. It means that the prospects of cognitive impairment are higher when the alcohol abuse crosses its limits. However, the quantity of alcohol for the onset of depressive symptoms is yet to be determined. The literature review fulfils the investigative and supportive review of literature in favor of the research questions.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2002). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.; Text revision [DSMIV-TR]). Arlington, VA: Author.

Bador, T.F., Higgins-Biddle, J.C., Saunders, J.B., & Monteiro, M.G. (2001). The alcohol use disorders identification test guidelines for use in primary care. World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence. Retrieved from http://growyourwellness.com/sites/default/files/pdf/AUDIT%20test%20guidelines.pdf

Bochand, L., & Nandrino, J.L. (2010). Levels of emotional awareness in alcohol-dependent patients and abstinent alcoholics]. L'Encephale, 36(4), 334.

Boyd, G.M., Howard, J., & Zucker, R.A. (Eds.). (2013). Alcohol problems among adolescents: Current directions in prevention research. Psychology Press.

Brien, S.E., Ronksley, P.E., Turner, B.J., Mukamal, K.J., & Ghali, W.A. (2011). Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 342.

Brooks, P.J., Enoch, M.A., Goldman, D., Li, T.K., & Yokoyama, A. (2009). The alcohol flushing response: an unrecognized risk factor for esophageal cancer from alcohol consumption. PLoS medicine, 6(3), e1000050.

Bruschi, A., De Angelis, A., Pascucci, M., Tedeschi, D., Grandinetti, P., Grassi, M., ... & Pozzi, G. (2012). P-15-Separation anxiety in gambling and alcoholism (SAGA): study design and preliminary datas. European Psychiatry, 27, 1.

Cardenas, V.A., Durazzo, T.C., Gazdzinski, S., Mon, A., Studholme, C., & Meyerhoff, D.J. (2011). Brain morphology at entry into treatment for alcohol dependence is related to relapse propensity. Biological psychiatry, 70(6), 561-567.

Cerda, M., Diez-Roux, A.V., Tchetgen, E.T., Gordon-Larsen, P., & Kiefe, C. (2010). The relationship between neighborhood poverty and alcohol use: estimation by marginal structural models. Epidemiology, 21(4), 482-489.

Clay, S.W. (2010). Treatment of addiction in the elderly. Aging Health, 6, 177-189.

Compton, W.F., & Volkow, N.D. (2006). Major increases in opioid analgesic abuse in the United States: Concerns and strategies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 81, 103-107.

Dietze, P., Jenkinson, R., Aitken, C., Stoove, M., & Jolley, D. (2011). P2-511 The relationship between alcohol use and injecting drug use: impacts on health and social functioning. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(Suppl 1), A362-A362.

Elkashef, A., & Condon, T.P. (2008). Prevention and treatment of addiction. Psychiatric Times, 25, 16-18.

Enoch, M.A. (2012). The influence of gene -- environment interactions on the development of alcoholism and drug dependence. Current psychiatry reports, 14(2), 150-158.

Fiellan, D. (2006). Buprenorphine: Effective treatment of opioid addiction starts in the office. American Family Physician, 73, 1513-1514.

Ganz, D., & Sher, L. (2009). Suicidal behavior in adolescents with comorbid depression and alcohol abuse. Minerva pediatrica, 61(3), 333-347.

Gillihan, S.J., Farris, S.G., & Foa, E.B. (2011). The effect of anxiety sensitivity on alcohol consumption among individuals with comorbid alcohol dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(4), 721.

Gordon, D.M., Hawes, S.W., Reid, A.E., Callands, T.A., Magriples, U., Divney, A., ... & Kershaw, T. (2013). The Many Faces of Manhood Examining Masculine Norms and Health Behaviors of Young Fathers Across Race. American Journal of Men's Health.

Harwood, D.G., Kalechstein, A., Barker, W.W., Strauman, S., St. George-Hyslop, P., Iglesias, C., ... & Duara, R. (2010). The effect of alcohol and tobacco consumption, and apolipoprotein E. genotype, on the age of onset in Alzheimer's disease. International journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(5), 511-518.

Hingson, R.W., & White, A.M. (2010). Magnitude and prevention of college alcohol and drug misuse: U.S. college students aged 18 -- 24. Mental Health Care in the College Community, 289-324.

James, B.O., & Omoaregba, J.O. (2013). nigerian Medical students' Opinions About Individuals Who Use and Abuse psychoactive substances. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 7, 109-116.

Jeon, H.J. (2011). Depression and suicide. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 54(4), 370-375.

Kelley, K.W., & Dantzer, R. (2011). Alcoholism and inflammation: neuroimmunology of behavioral and mood disorders. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 25, S13-S20.

Kroenke, K., Zhong, X., Theobald, D., Wu, J., Tu, W., & Carpenter, J.S. (2010). Somatic symptoms in patients with cancer experiencing pain or depression: prevalence, disability, and health care use. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(18), 1686.

Leite, N.C., Salles, G.F., Araujo, A.L., Villela-Nogueira, C.A., & Cardoso, C.R. (2009). Prevalence and associated factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type?2 diabetes mellitus. Liver International, 29(1), 113-119.

Litten, R.Z., Egli, M., Heilig, M., Cui, C., Fertig, J.B., Ryan, M.L., ... & Noronha, A. (2012). Medications development to treat alcohol dependence: a vision for the next… READ MORE

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