Research Paper on "Batteries and the Environment"

Research Paper 8 pages (2156 words) Sources: 5

[EXCERPT] . . . .

There is no arguing that regulations imposed in the United States have had several benefits to the environment and human health. However, even despite these efforts there are many sources of contamination that remain. One study collect fish from a contaminated wetland in Louisiana and studied the prevalence of eight heavy metals that were present (Tehounwou, Abdelghani, Pramar, Heyer, & Steward, 2011). The results indicate that subsistence fisherman would have the highest risk for systemic effects from the toxicity which greatly exceeded the EPA highest reference dose value. Furthermore, a roughly twenty pound child would also greatly exceed the reference dose value in both mercury and arsenic. There was also a substantially increased cancer risk associated with arsenic for the general population who eat the suggested maximum of 54 grams of fish per day.

There are also emerging concerns about batteries in the U.S. And in other industrialized nations. Rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) and lithium-polymer (Li-poly) batteries have become a popular option in various consumer electronic products because these batteries offer a combination of high energy density and product longevity. However, due to the small size of these batteries as well as the high rate of disposal of consumer products that they are most commonly found in, these too pose environmental risks. With li-ion batteries there is a lack of uniform regulatory policy that covers their appropriate disposal which means that lithium batteries can contribute substantially to environmental pollution and adverse human health impacts due to potentially toxic materials that are included in them (Kang, Chen, & Ogunseitan, 2013).

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Figure 3 - Toxic Metals in Li-ion Batteries (Kang, Chen, & Ogunseitan, 2013)

Conclusion and Recommendation

The disposal of batteries can led to negative consequences for human health. There are various types of batteries and most contain some form of a heavy metal that react with chemical electrolytes to produce the battery's power. When batteries are improperly disposed of they can release these metals into the environment and contaminate the land, air, and water supplies. Developing countries are absorbing very high levels of contamination from batteries because they have developed recycling centers there that do not have to operate under the same regulations that are found in industrialized countries. However, even with strict regulations, there are still many contamination issues to be found as well as emerging risks that have developed with emerging energy sources such as the lithium-ion batteries.

Works Cited

Battery University. (N.d.). What's the Best Battery. Retrieved from Battery University: http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/whats_the_best_battery

Bellis, M. (N.d.). What is a Nickel Cadmium Battery? Retrieved from Inventors: http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/ss/How-A-Battery-Works_2.htm

Brian, M., Bryant, C., & Pumphrey, C. (N.d.). How Batteries Work. Retrieved from How Stuff Works: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/battery3.htm

Dictionary.com. (N.d.). battery. Retrieved from Dictionary.com: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/battery

EPA. (2002, March). The Battery Act. Retrieved from EPA: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/newsletters/civil/enfalert/battery.pdf

Greenpeace. (2004, November 30). The problem. Retrieved from Greenpeace: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/toxics/incineration/the-problem/

Kang, D., Chen, M., & Ogunseitan, O. (2013). Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries in Electronic Waste. Environmental Science & Technology, 5495-5503.

Malavika, C. (2004, June 24). Envrironmental Effects Associated with Battery Disposal. Retrieved from Frost and Sullivan: http://www.frost.com/sublib/display-market-insight.do?id=20759887

Natural Resources Defense Council. (N.d.). Greening Advisor. Retrieved from NRDC: http://www.nrdc.org/enterprise/greeningadvisor/wm-disposal.asp

Natural Resources Defense Council. (N.d.). Mercury Contamination in Fish. Retrieved from Natural Resources Defense Council: http://www.nrdc.org/health/effects/mercury/sources.asp

Tehounwou, P., Abdelghani, A., Pramar, Y., Heyer, L., & Steward, C. (2011). Assessment of Potential Health Risks Associated with Ingesting Heavy Metals in Fish Collected form a Hazardous-Waste Contaminated Wetland in Lousisiana, USA. Reviews on Environmental Health, 191-204.

Worst Polluted . (2012). Top Ten Toxic Pollution Problems. Retrieved from Worstpolluted.org: http://www.worstpolluted.org/projects_reports/display/96 READ MORE

Quoted Instructions for "Batteries and the Environment" Assignment:

General Topic: Impact of Batteries on the Environment. (Emphasize on its impact on Health)

1. Abstract or summary or executive summary (maximum 250 words, minimum 150 words). 2. Prepare the overall structure of the report which includes: - The goal or objective of the paper. - The table of contents: it contains the names of the sections and subdivisions of report as they are written into the report and page number. - List of tables with page number. - List of figures or diagrams with page number. - List of Symbols or Glossary.

3. Find good sources (4 resources at least)

You should use a variety of sources including websites, books, academic or professional journals, and interviews with experts. Wikipedia is not accepted in the academic papers BUT you can use the linked sources material in the Wikipedia articles.

4. Introduction

The introduction should answer the following questions:-

• The subject and its background. • Problem Statement or Research Questions and the Hypothesis. • Objective of the report or of the study. • Expected outcome of the study / Significance of the study. • Limitations of the study. • A brief explanation of the method of the study (the study of the theory, process, marketing, using the computer...) • The following sections in the report. Introduction must be suitable for the size of the report; for example, the length of introduction should not exceed 3% of the length of the report. Reports consisting of more than 10 pages, the introduction could be one or two, and reports of four pages are mainly half page.

5. The body of the report

This is the largest part of the report, which usually consists of several sections. It explains the problem of the report or topic in detail and shows the literature review on the subject, the method to solve the problem, the results and analysis. This section vary depending on the nature of the research or report:

• Scientific research includes: -Theoretical background and previous research. - The method of the study which includes sources of data collection, tool (Instrument) for data gathering and validity and reliability of instrument. - Results. - Analysis or discussion.

• Report that explains how to solve a problem or improve something includes: - Explanation the problem in detail - Steps will be followed to solve and improve the solution. - The results of these steps and their meanings.

• Work report that propose changing the process includes: - Explanation the current situation. - Explanation the situation proposed. - Explanation the expected results. - Compare the situation proposed to the current situation.

• Report of feasibility studies includes: - Explanation of the project. - Explanation the information available on the market, competitors and customer needs and alternative products. - Explanation the different costs and projected sales. - Economic analyzes.

6. Conclusion and Recommendation A brief summary of the topic, and the results, also the recommendations and proposals that you would like to draw attention to it.

7. Acknowledgements (if appropriate) : This is a short paragraph thanking any person or organization which gave you help in collecting data or preparing the report.

8. References The references should follow the “APA” American Psychology Association Guideline and instruction to the typing style of the report

- Font style should be Times New Roman. - Font Size : 12 - Titles: 16 (Bold) - Sub-title: 14 (Bold ) - Margins • Top: 3 centimeter • Bottom: 2 centimeter • Left: 4 centimeter • Right: 2 centimeter • Space between Lines : 1.5 - No copy paste is allowed. only 10% is acceptable, use your own words . - Minimum 7 pages without cover page and references. - Different references at least 5 ( books, journals, websites, ….) - Meet the deadline

How to Reference "Batteries and the Environment" Research Paper in a Bibliography

Batteries and the Environment.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2013, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/impact-batteries-environment/6234712. Accessed 16 May 2024.

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A1-TermPaper.com. (2013). Batteries and the Environment. [online] Available at: https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/impact-batteries-environment/6234712 [Accessed 16 May, 2024].
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[1] ”Batteries and the Environment”, A1-TermPaper.com, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/impact-batteries-environment/6234712. [Accessed: 16-May-2024].
1. Batteries and the Environment [Internet]. A1-TermPaper.com. 2013 [cited 16 May 2024]. Available from: https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/impact-batteries-environment/6234712
1. Batteries and the Environment. A1-TermPaper.com. https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/impact-batteries-environment/6234712. Published 2013. Accessed May 16, 2024.

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