Term Paper on "Nanotechnology Is the Predictable Capability to Form"

Term Paper 15 pages (6153 words) Sources: 1+

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Nanotechnology is the predictable capability to form things from the base level by the application of the tools and methods that are being devised presently to set each of the atoms and molecules in its desire place. When such type of development is accomplished in the sphere of molecular engineering, that seems likely, it gives rise to manufacturing revolution. (Introduction to Nanotechnology) We are required to concentrate on this meticulously and on the potential scopes and risks involved in it.

Intro to Nanotechnology-past, present, future, benefits, drawbacks

Past

Richard Feynman, an imminent Nobel Prize winning physicist gave a renowned speech in the year 1959 disagreeing that the laws of physics do not control man's capacity to control single atoms and molecules. He explained an apparition for building materials using a bottom-up, rather than a top-down, approach. This idea of setting atoms exactly where we want, just as a potato knows how to place the atoms from the nearby dirt, water, and air to form itself instead of cutting down wood, combining metal, casting plastic, or making the newest computer chip by engraving an ever-finer circuit out of silicon is almost on the brink of fulfillment. (Uldrich, 12) the scientific society around the world is talking in gleaming terms about the capability of the tiny technology of the single-walled nanotubes, which were found in the early 1990s. With a width of about 10 hydrogen atoms aligned, nanotubes are self-generated from an electrical discharge involving electrons. (Schick, 44)

The man who first laid out the multifaceted possibility of nanotechnology with his 1986 book Engines of Creation to a well-liked spectator was Eric Drexler. (Thompson, 6) While making the concept of 'nanotechnology' familiar, Eric Drexler was discussing about creating machines as small as molecules, having width of a few nanometers, motors, robot arms and even the entire computer physically smaller than a cell. Drexler then engaged for the next decade narrating and analyzing such amazing tools and countering the indictments of science fiction. Simultaneously the general technology was imbibing adequate competency to construct simple structures on a molecular scale. While the nanotechnology is being an agreeable terminology, it was reformulated to mean the simple types of nanometer-scale technology. With a view to funding such type of nanotech the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative was instituted. (Introduction to Nanotechnology)

Present

The systems which are needed for achieving the objectives of nanotechnology are picking up the pace. (Uldrich, 12) the possible insinuations of nanotechnology, the science of controlling matter at the atomic and molecular level, have been judged against with the Industrial Revolution. At present it is one of the best growing fields of research in many fields like electronics, medicine and information technology. (Winner, 111) in the most recent years, scientists have commenced with one significant improvement after another in nanotechnology and science fiction has slowly been revolving into science fact. Almost every month new articles appear in the main scientific magazines and university research departments are starting to fill with aficionados. Chemist Paul Alivisatos at the University of California, Berkeley, says that, 10 years ago, he was the lone person in his department functioning on nanotech; but at present about 30% of the department is performing it. It is at present too problematic and costly to use these nanotubes to make innovative structures from the ground up, but we are not faraway from being proficient to combine them with, for example, the materials presently used to make airplane wings. It is also quite probable that, in 10 or 15 years, we may be talented to make use of something like Smalley's molecules to make complete airplane wings or wide scale power systems based on molecular solar panels that take up only a minute portion of the space required for such systems today. (Thompson, 5)

Future

Molecule-sized machines can provide a multitude of wonderful advantages from organ restoration to habitat reinstatement. (Schick, 44) the insinuations are wide and traverse many different conventional industries. The chance for molecular computing is offered by nanotechnology. Devices will be so tiny that they will be incorporated into anything that includes our body's cells too. All objects will turn out to be chips or passively chip-like as a minimum. With regard to domestic devices, they will turn into real-time smart devices. For instance, a temperature sensor fixed to a frying pan will be replaced by an auto-sensor wherein the whole pan will turn out to be a sensor and it can produce its own heat, as is the case of a 'smart' device. (Jones, 73) in some future date, these can substitute human beings as the planet's leading power. Many advances were made in the last few years in the direction of the vision of achieving machines that control matter at the level of molecules. Molecular machines are a part of nature for a quiet a long time. At the simplest level, plants and animals are groups of such nanomachines. DNA, RNA and the enzymes that aid in the duplication and restoration of cells and in the production of proteins are the most famous of these nanomachines. Manmade molecular machines already exist and they are mainly used as antibiotics to deal with disease organisms. If man can build a new nanomachine that can do what DNA and its related enzymes are doing, that is a real advancement. (Roland, 23)

The capability to manoeuvre matter to the exact level of atoms will definitely go a long way in varying the economic, ecological, and cultural structure of our lives. (Crandall, 17) Nano-based microelectrical mechanical systems, actuators, sensors and mirrors will come up at the level of devices. Some suggest that the nanatechnology will ultimately do what the chips are doing, like producing PCs that operate billions of times faster. (Schick, 45) as nanotechnology is tiny, it will lead to dramatic change in the manner we live and use products. Distinctive unforeseen actions will happen due to the inherent nature of nano-materials. Additionally, with nano materials we can do things hitherto not possible at all, like inserting them inside living cells with no disturbance to the functioning of the cells. Nanotechnology will transform materials. (Jones, 73) Nanoscience and nanotechnology will be fundamental to the next era of the information age, and will be as innovatory as science and technology at the micron scale have been since the early 1970's. (Crandall, 133) Thus, nanotechnology can certainly be the upcoming technology. (Schick, 45)

Benefits

The Nanotechnology was expected to develop efficacy in all spheres of life. The Nanotechnology is also mostly referred to a general-purpose technology. It is due to the fact that in its fully grown form it is expected to influence almost all the industries and all the fields of the society. It extends better construction, durability, security and smartness to the home use products with regard to communications, medicine, transportation, agriculture and for industry in general. The most important feature of the nanotechnology is that it not only provides better products but also a vast improved means of production. A computer generates copies of data files-mostly as many copies as is desired at little or no additional cost. The manufacturing of the products are to be so cheaper like copying of the files. What matters simply is some more time. That is considered to be a valid meaning of nanotechnology and often visualized to be the next industrial revolution. (Introduction to Nanotechnology)

The nanotechnology not only permits making so many high-quality products at a lower cost however, it will facilitate generating new nano-factories at the similarly lower costs and at the equal rapid rate. The nanotechnology is also termed as the exponential technology due to its exceptional efficacy in regenerating its own means of production. It stands to be a manufacturing system that is capable of making more manufacturing systems-in a quickly, cheaply and transparent manner. The factors of production is capable of being reproduced multiply as a result of which there is every possibility that the few existing nanofactories now could result in billions of them within a matter of few weeks. (Introduction to Nanotechnology)

Drawbacks

Evaluators of nanotechnology are advocating carefulness, guideline or even a suspension on the use of these small particles even though the nanotechnology industry is presently a favorite of both the public and private funding sectors. (Bailey; Lattimore, 35) in producing nanotubes with carbon base, one of the challenges is to make them in well-controlled environments that have the right type of electronic properties. (Schick, 46) Others have proposed that nanotech takes extraordinary risks in its dependence on the management of matter at the atomic scale. (Ball, 4) as the building blocks of nanotechnology are discrete atoms that are so dreadfully small, the full promise of nanotechnology is very hard to visualize. The most demanding test that nanotechnology proposes is the necessity to understand how human beings are made up of and for what purpose we are made. (Crandall, 135)

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